root@debian:~# fdisk -l
#查询出硬盘有分区和未分区状态。
#未分区为dev/sda或dev/sdb,未有dev/sda1编号,就无需删除分区，直接分区，然后设置ext4格式，然后挂载到mnt下的目录，设置开机自启即可
#已经分区的带有dev/sda1数字编号，需要删除分区。
以下假如有sda和sdb两块磁盘，假如存在分区需要先删除分区保存
fdisk /dev/sda
#编辑磁盘dev/sda
Command (m for help): m
#m为手册
Command (m for help): d
#d为删除
Partition number (1,5, default 5): 1
#删除分区
Partition 1 has been deleted.
#分区已经删除
Command (m for help): g
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: CDDE90E9-DC8E-4184-98B8-FDD01A00DDA0).
#有报错无妨
Command (m for help): w
#分区删除设置已经保存，提示已经成功
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
fdisk /dev/sdb
#编辑磁盘dev/sdb
Command (m for help): m
#m为手册
Command (m for help): d
#d为删除
Partition number (1,5, default 5): 1
#删除分区
Partition 1 has been deleted.
#分区已经删除
Command (m for help): g
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: CDDE90E9-DC8E-4184-98B8-FDD01A00DDA0).
#有报错无妨
#此处不执行，为创建gpt
Command (m for help): w
#分区删除设置已经保存，提示已经成功
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
root@debian:~# fdisk -l
此时查询已经没有分区了
Disk /dev/sda: 223.57 GiB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
Disk model: GALAX TA1D0240A
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: CDDE90E9-DC8E-4184-98B8-FDD01A00DDA0
Disk /dev/sdb: 1.82 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Disk model: ST2000DM001-1ER1
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ffc7c
root@debian:~# cd /mnt
root@debian:/mnt# mkdir ssd-256
#先在mnt下创建一个ssd文件夹，用来后面挂载sda磁盘用
root@debian:/dev# fdisk /dev/sda
#开始编辑sda磁盘
Command (m for help): n
#新建分区sda1
选项全部默认回车
Command (m for help): w
#写入分区保存
root@debian:/dev# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1
#将磁盘sda的分区sda1改为ext4格式
mke2fs 1.47.2 (1-Jan-2025)
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 58607360 4k blocks and 14655488 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 059d61e9-982e-4b11-88b4-c750524d863c
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
root@debian:/dev# mkdir -p /mnt/hdd
#在mnt目录下创建hdd文件夹用于挂载后面的sdb分区
root@debian:/dev# fdisk /dev/sdb
#开始编辑sdb磁盘
Command (m for help): n
#新建分区sdb1
选项全部默认回车
Command (m for help): w
#写入分区保存
root@debian:/dev# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
#将磁盘sda的分区sdb1改为ext4格式
mke2fs 1.47.2 (1-Jan-2025)
Creating filesystem with 488378390 4k blocks and 122101760 inodes
Filesystem UUID: e9c8bde6-3286-4abf-a925-9c7c7c3afe64
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
root@debian:/dev# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda1 /mnt/ssd-256
#挂载sda1分区到/mnt/ssd-256文件夹目录下
root@debian:/dev# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/hdd
#挂载sdb1分区到/mnt/hdd文件夹目录下
root@debian:/dev# echo /dev/sda1 /mnt/ssd-256 ext4 defaults 1 2 >> /etc/fstab
root@debian:/dev# echo /dev/sdb1 /mnt/hdd ext4 defaults 1 2 >> /etc/fstab
#设置挂载开机自启动生效
最后在proxmox下，数据中心-存储，添加-目录-目录为/mnt/ssd-256和/mnt/hdd
id为名称（比如命名ssd和hdd）
最后生成左侧debian下新的目录
备注使用uuid做磁盘挂载更安全
root@pve:/mnt# blkid /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1: UUID="28208747-288b-4515-abbc-6c517eb2b23d" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="b67b604a-97f4-49da-af86-60b47e08280a"
root@pve:/mnt# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d313378b-00a1-4ce3-aad4-02174880cc2d" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="abedab9a-0aca-494a-b05e-d03ec73ded72"
此时去/etc/fstab里面修改
root@pve:/mnt# cat /etc/fstab
#
/dev/pve/root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
UUID=1E9F-0AA6 /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1
/dev/pve/swap none swap sw 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sda1 /mnt/sda256 ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdb256 ext4 defaults 1 2
#下面为修改后的结果参考
root@pve:/mnt# cat /etc/fstab
#
/dev/pve/root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
UUID=1E9F-0AA6 /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1
/dev/pve/swap none swap sw 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
UUID=28208747-288b-4515-abbc-6c517eb2b23d /mnt/sda256 ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=d313378b-00a1-4ce3-aad4-02174880cc2d /mnt/sdb256 ext4 defaults 1 2
root@pve:/mnt# mount -a
root@pve:/mnt# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 6.3G 1.7M 6.3G 1% /run
/dev/mapper/pve-root 68G 20G 45G 31% /
tmpfs 32G 46M 32G 1% /dev/shm
efivarfs 256K 88K 164K 35% /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-journald.service
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /tmp
/dev/nvme0n1p2 1022M 8.8M 1014M 1% /boot/efi
/dev/fuse 128M 16K 128M 1% /etc/pve
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/getty@tty1.service
tmpfs 6.3G 4.0K 6.3G 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sda1 220G 2.1M 208G 1% /mnt/sda256
/dev/sdb1 234G 2.1M 222G 1% /mnt/sdb256
root@pve:/mnt# reboot
说明：上述把/dev/sda1 改为UUID=28208747-288b-4515-abbc-6c517eb2b23d，以唯一iduuid作为挂载，这样就可以避免插拔掉盘导致的丢失分区问题
mount -a无输出则无错误，后续重启再验证
如果是pve系统，此时直接去web，数据中心-存储-目录-挂载
id随便填
目录为/mnt/sda或/mnt/sdb
启用勾选，其他不填
备注1：tune2fs -m 0 /dev/sdX1 如果发现空间相对缺少，可以补充执行，释放extf4预留空间